Work Trajectories of High-Resource Multi-Child Mothers
Research Article
How to Cite
Dorofeeva Z.E. Work Trajectories of High-Resource Multi-Child Mothers. Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal = Sociological Journal. 2020. Vol. 26. No. 4. P. 79-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2020.26.4.7644 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The period of maternity leave for multi-child mothers is generally longer than for mothers with a smaller number of children, and securing a job after taking a break, in conjunction with an increased volume of family responsibilities, is more difficult. When high-resource multi-child mothers return to the labor market, they expect not only a “motherhood penalty”, but also with a high probability a “penalty” for being overeducated. Their solution for the conflict between “motherhood” and “work” most often involves either a complete refusal to be employed, or finding more flexible options in the field of non-typical work, which are often less demanding in terms of qualification level and consequently result in lower income. Based on a series of in-depth interviews conducted by the author in Moscow and Voronezh with high-resource multi-child parents, including a list of questions about the working trajectories of women and also a number of questions about life practices, it is shown that the reverse side of the full or partial departure from the labor market of multi-child mothers is intensive parenting and setting a high standard for children’s education, including a scrupulous selection of educational institutions and a large amount of additional classes. Thus, the complete or partial loss of high-resource women as workers for the labor market is accompanied by a forthcoming significant non-economic effect, since society receives active translators of human capital to a new generation.
Keywords:
multi-child mothers, labor market, work trajectories, intensive parenting, human capital
References
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Isupova O.G. Intensive motherhood in Russia: mothers, daughters and sons in school year’s growing up. Neprikosnovennyi zapas. Debaty o politike i kul’ture. 2018. No. 3. P. 180–189. (In Russ.)
Isupova O.G. Mothers career: children and employment strategies. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2015. No. 10. P. 185–194. (In Russ.)
Karabchuk T.S., Nagernyak M.A. Employment determinant for mothers in Russia. Zhurnal issledovanii sotsial’noi politiki. 2013. Vol. 11. No. 1. P. 25–48. (In Russ.)
Nivorozhkina L.I., Nivorozhkin A.M., Arzhenovskii S.V. Motherhood and wage: why women with children earn less? Sotsial’naya politika: Realii XXI veka. [Social policy: realities of the XXI century.] Vol. 3. Moscow: NISP publ., 2007. P. 72–126. (In Russ.)
Petrova T.Yu. Mothers of many children on labor market. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. Seriya: Sotsial’nye nauki. 2017. No. 2 (46). P. 85–89. (In Russ.)
Rossiiskii rabotnik: Obrazovanie, professiya, kvalifikatsiya. [Russian worker: education, profession, qualification.] Ed. by V.E. Gimpel’son, R.I. Kapelyushnikov. Moscow: Izdatel’skii dom NIU VShE publ., 2011. 576 p. (In Russ.)
Savinskaya O.B. Taking care of children of working Muscovites. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2011. No. 1. P. 137–142. (In Russ.)
Sinyavskaya O.V., Zakharov S.V., Kartseva M.A. Women’s behavior in the labor market and childbearing in modern Russia. Roditeli i deti, muzhchiny i zhenshchiny v sem’e i obshchestve. [Parents and children, men and women in the family and society.] Moscow: NISP publ., 2007. P. 421–476. (In Russ.)
Sorokin P. Sotsiologiya revolyutsii. [Sociology of revolution.] Moscow: Territoriya budushchego; Rossiiskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya publ., 2005. 704 p. (In Russ.)
Sotsial’naya mobil’nost’ v uslozhnyayushchemsya obshchestve: ob’ektivnye i sub’ektivnye aspekty: [Monografiya]. [Social mobility in complicating society: objective and subjective aspects.] Ed. by V.V. Semenova, M.F. Chernysh, P.E. Sushko. Moscow: FNISTs RAN publ., 2019. 512 p. (In Russ.)
Temkina A., Rotkirkh A. Soviet Gender Contracts and its Transformation in Contemporary Russia. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2002. No. 11. P. 4–15. (In Russ.)
Tikhonova N.E., Karavai A.V. Impact of economic crisis on employment and human capital of Russians. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2016. No. 10. P. 43–53. (In Russ.)
Tyndik A.O. Reproductive attitudes and their implementation in modern Russia. Zhurnal issledovanii sotsial’noi politiki. 2012. No. 3 (10). P. 361–376. (In Russ.)
Chernova Zh.V. Balance of family and work: polics and individual strategies of mothers. Zhurnal issledovanii sotsial’noi politiki. 2012. No. 3 (10). P. 295–308. (In Russ.)
Behrman R.J. Mother’s Schooling and Child Education: A Survey. Philadelphia: University of Pensilvania. 1997. Accessed 18.11.2020. URL: https://economics.sas.upenn.edu/sites/default/ files/filevault/working-papers/97-025.pdf
Heinz R. From work trajectories to negotiated careers: The contingent work life course. Handbook of the life course. Ed. by J.T. Mortimer & M.J. Shanahan. N.Y.: Springer, 2004. P. 185–204. 10.1007/978-0-306-48247-2_9
Lipasova A. Fatherhood Models in the Middle Class of Contemporary Russia. Russian Sociological Review. 2016. Vol. 15. No. 4. P. 202–214. DOI: 10.17323/1728-192x-2016-4-202-214
Article
Received: 30.04.2020
Accepted: 28.11.2020
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Dorofeeva, Z.E. 2020. Work Trajectories of High-Resource Multi-Child Mothers. Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal = Sociological Journal. 26, 4 (Dec. 2020), 79-95. DOI:https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2020.26.4.7644.
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